Dental materials have an important role within endodontics. Two types of pulp-capping materials, calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate, have been Buy Now; Documentation; More Info. The result of the SEC was compared with the outcome of centrifugation, showing similar results for both. The effect of SSA on the optimal bitumen content was very minor, with contents on par with the controls selected. A particular advantage of calcium hydroxide sealers is their anti-bacterial nature, a feature which is related to their high pH. For trimer isolation, most of the monomers and dimers were removed along excess CsCl. • 4- Bioaggregate. Direct pulp capping involves placing a pulp capping material directly over the exposed pulp with the aim of promoting pulp healing and the generation of reparative dentine [1]. Due to space limitations, details of these materials will not be discussed here. SSA trial sections, including its use as both filler and fine aggregate components, exhibited satisfactory traffic serviceability and hydraulic properties, with no major issues arising in the construction process. Likewise, few NPs have been separated or concentrated with magnetic NPs as sorbents. For this, 15 nm AuNP (14.6 ± 1.6) were prepared by citrate reduction with narrow size distribution. Commonly used irrigants and intracanal medicaments include 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (as a disinfectant or antimicrobial), EDTA (as a chelating agent and lubricant), chlorhexidine (antimicrobial), non-setting calcium hydroxide (as an antibacterial agent), and some antibiotics and anti-inflammation drugs (non-setting Ledermix paste). Aim of the study was to evaluate and compare clinical and radiographic success with MTA and calcium hydroxide as direct pulp capping materials in cariously exposed mandibular molars. Zinc oxide-eugenol released eugenol at concentrations capable of damaging pulp cells [22,23], resin-modified glass-ionomer led to chronic inflammation of the pulp that persisted for at least 300 days following placement, and dental adhesives were also been shown to be cytotoxic [24,25]. The direct pulp cap, in which a material is placed directly over the exposed pulp tissue, has been suggested as a way to promote pulp healing and generate reparative dentin. This is an important parameter in determining the environmental and biological fate of a nanomaterial as the surface is the primary mode of contact. The properties and clinical performances of four calcium-silicate cements (ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, RetroMTA, Biodentine), a light-cured calcium silicate-based material (TheraCal LC) and an enhanced resin-modified glass-ionomer (ACTIVA BioACTIVE) are widely discussed. Direct pulp capping is used when the pulp is exposed after drilling. Ferracane2, and L. Mancl3, for Northwest Practice-based Research Collaborative in Evidence-based Dentistry (NWP) Comparison of CaOH with MTA for Direct Pulp Capping: A PBRN Randomized Clinical Trial. Calcium hydroxide is available as non-setting and setting type. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. Leakage appears to be related to both the solubility of the material and the questionable adhesion to both the dentine walls and the gutta percha points. A Retrospective Clinical Study. However, similar to the hydraulically bound results, Cr was again the only element that exceeded the limit at times, which prevents the designation of SSA as suitable for full unrestricted use in bituminous bound applications. Compend Contin Educ Dent. If successful, this procedure precludes the need for more invasive, more extensive and more expensive treatment. A 2008 site review found the site to be in excellent overall condition, with only a few small areas exhibiting erosion features (Butalia et al., 2010; see Fig. Because of its porosity and absorptive properties, it was most effective when used at 15%, in pulverised form, with water additions to aid the mixing. Chapter 9 Endodontic materials. John Nicholson, Beata Czarnecka, in Materials for the Direct Restoration of Teeth, 2016. TheraCal is a novel light- curable MTA-like material for pulp capping. For the latter materials, their cytotoxicity was attributed to the synergistic effects of the various monomers released by these substances. Direct pulp capping with an adhesive resin on an exposed pulp has been suggested, provided that marginal microleakage can be prevented together with a composite resin to restore the tooth (Olmez et al., 1998, Paineijer and Stanley, 1998; Liebenberg, 1997). Direct Pulp Capping: Which is the Most Effective Biomaterial? Zinc oxide-eugenol, resin-modified glass-ionomer and dental adhesives have all been studied, but all proved to have unacceptable cytotoxicity. Educational video for dental students and dentists on the Direct Pulp Capping procedure. IV- Pulp capping materials•Calcium Hydroxide Ca (OH)2•Mineral Trioxide Aggregate MTA•Tri-calcium phosphate•Bioaggregate•Biodentine•Bonding Systems 17 18. BACKGROUND: Maintaining pulp vitality is a major objective in restorative dentistry. 8); Cavit-G was then placed over this to serve as a provisional restorative material, and seven days after the procedure the patient was evaluated to Direct pulp capping should not be performed on a pulp that has been exposed as a result of penetrating caries. Pulpal hemorrhage, a major crisis during pulpotomy, did not occur in these tests of butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive on miniature swine. Gutta-percha point is one of the application of gutta-percha, warm lateral or vertical condensation can be applied to it to soften and compact it. Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)2:•The most common direct pulp-capping agent •Antibacterial anddisinfects the superficial pulp •High pH (about 12.5) Pure Calcium hydroxide 18 19. This is depicted in the top part of Fig. Chapter 9 Endodontic materials. Pulp capping refers to a dental procedure used to prevent necrosis of dental pulp after an exposure or near exposure at the time of preparation of a cavity, by placing a protective dressing over the pulp. T.J. Hilton1*, J.L. Rutting performance with SSA as a complete filler component was comparable to that of control mixes that used cement, hydrated lime or limestone as fillers, whilst in one case, the addition of 2% SSA to the overall mix led to an improvement in rutting and fatigue. MTA is however very expensive. However, this approach is controversial, because the alkalinity is potentially damaging to the gingiva, and the material would be expected to erode quickly. 19 The major causes of post-operative inflammation and pulp necrosis are non-sterile procedures and bacterial micro-infiltration of the pulp via dentinal tubules. There is also an important question concerning the relationship between in situ stability and the leaching of calcium and hydroxyl ions. Bleeding also increases the moisture level of the dentine surfaces adjacent to the site of exposure, and leads to increased contamination. The solution was linearly aggregated by NaCl and isolated by centrifugation. Two reviewers independently screened electronic databases (Medline, Central, Embase) and performed hand searches. Practice Implications.Vital pulp therapy using MTA is a treatment option for teeth diagnosed with a condition no more severe than reversible pulpitis. 10. Tronstad L, Mjör IA. 19-21 In the present study histopathological effects of direct pulp capping were evaluated using mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cements on dental pulp tissue. Consequently, the exposed pulp does not become infected or inflamed. Hard-setting calcium hydroxide cements are the most commonly used pulp capping materials. At the time the coal was mined, these wastes, which have a lower thermal value than the coal, were discarded onsite. Most likely, another reason for the widespread use of calcium hydroxide as a direct pulp capping agent on vital exposures is because this is the technique most dentists were taught in dental school. A direct pulp cap is done on permanent teeth when the removal of deep decay results in exposing the pulp. Nanoseparation using magnetic NPs is simple and has overcome the issues faced by the conventional techniques [10]. The maximum limits at which the material is considered to be unsound are also given for each test. Mineral trioxide aggregate, MTA, has also been used as a direct pulp capping material, though its primary use in dentistry as an endodontic sealer [18]. (© 2011, IEEE. In the last 5-10 years, a plethora of new materials and products have been introduced for direct and indirect pulp capping. as a direct pulp-capping material (Fig. Chicago/Turabian Style Paula A, Carrilho E, Laranjo M, Abrantes AM, Casalta-Lopes J, Botelho MF, Marto CM, Ferreira MM. Direct pulp capping involves placing a pulp capping material directly over the exposed pulp with the aim of promoting pulp healing and the generation of reparative dentine [1].When this procedure is applied successfully, it eliminates the need for alternative, more invasive treatments. Typical cyanoacrylate products contain ethyl cyanoacrylate, isobutyl cyanoacrylate, or N-butyl-cyanoacrylate. The dimers were isolated and totaled to 85%, but increased to 95.1% out of 1435 particles by purifying with the same method. An application of lime to the overall site at a rate of 55 metric tons/hectare was completed in 2004. Direct pulp-capping is a method for treating exposed vital pulp with dental material to facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and to maintain vital pulp. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Priyanka Rani, ... Amit Kumar Nayak, in Applications of Nanocomposite Materials in Dentistry, 2019. to maintain the vitality of the entire pulp that has been exposed accidentally or in the course of removing carious dentine. A 0.6 m layer of an artificial soil consisting of approximately 50% coal refuse mixed with 50% stabilized FGD was placed over the FGD cap. Materials and methods. Direct pulp capping is a procedure in which a medicament, dressing, or dental material is placed directly over exposed dental pulp to preserve its vitality. Li Wu Zheng, ... Ru Qing Yu, in Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 2019. For the device with the longer diffusion path, the pressure only reaches the critical pressure of about 1 mbar after about 50 h. Since the dimensions of the poly-SiGe cap are equal for both structures, and only the length of the SiO2 diffusion path is different, it is concluded that diffusion of He only takes place through the SiO2.The poly-SiGe cap has thus been verified to be He leak tight. Life is a hard-set calcium-hydroxide base indicated for use as a direct and indirect pulp-capping material and as a cement base for all restorative filling materials. Propolis, a resinous material collected by honey bees, has been used as a traditional anti-infalmmatory and anti-bacterial medicine for many centuries. However, there was one set of test samples, taken from a plant in the United States (Chandler et al., 1997), that exhibited exceptionally high soundness losses ranging from 10.38% to 14.32% and, as such, surpassed the acceptable limit. There are two types of pulp capping: direct and indirect. In this study, we assessed the biocompatibility and bioactivity of various pulp capping materials—ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), Biodentine (Septodont), TheraCal LC (Bisco), and Dycal (Dentsply Caulk)—on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Fig. It gives excellent clinical results and is currently typically used in association with some sort of glass-ionomer cement. 6.5). I. The resilient modulus was 10–25% lower with SSA as a complete filler compared to limestone. Surface coating can affect the charge on the NP, which in turn can affect the affinity of the material to the cell surface [20]. From the environmental standpoint as an unbound material in road construction, SSA is classified as a material with some potential for use as fill, capping or subbase, though it may need some restrictions based on its potential leaching behaviour. Nonetheless, the performance of both stability and flow remained within the acceptable limits. In the past decade, there has been a debate on the best available material to be used in direct pulp capping. Investigations showed that the incorporation of coal refuse into the resoil mix probably had a greater impact than expected, and boron toxicity resulted when the FGD material placed above the cap came in contact with the low pH coal refuse material. Control bleeding with water or saline. An example of stabilized FGD as a cap material is the Rehoboth refuse pile, which was a 24 ha coal waste site located in Perry County, Ohio. Pulp capping materials should be able to induce hard-tissue formation in a superficial way, protect the pulp from further invasion of bacteria, and not have side effects so that the pulp can be alive. 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