But, due to bad weather, the Athenians were unable to rescue their stranded crews or finish off the Spartan fleet. Though these are not very far away from each other, there … Following this, Athens instructed Potidaea in the peninsula of Chalkidiki, a tributary ally of Athens but a colony of Corinth, to tear down its walls, send hostages to Athens, dismiss the Corinthian magistrates from office, and refuse the magistrates that the city would send in the future. The Ionian states that rebelled expected protection, and many rejoined the Athenian side. Athens Homework! Between the two, there were similarities and differences. Conflict between the states flared up again in 465 BC, when a helot revolt broke out in Sparta. In Sparta people worship their bodies. However, it was a time of constant skirmishing in and around the Peloponnese. Roughly one-third to two-thirds of the Athenian population died. He also persuaded the Athenian fleet to attack the Spartans at the battle of Cyzicus in 410. Unlike some of his predecessors the new Spartan general, Lysander, was not a member of the Spartan royal families and was also formidable in naval strategy; he was an artful diplomat, who had even cultivated good personal relationships with the Achaemenid prince Cyrus the Younger, son of Emperor Darius II. Thucydides was dispatched with a force which arrived too late to stop Brasidas capturing Amphipolis; Thucydides was exiled for this, and, as a result, had the conversations with both sides of the war which inspired him to record its history. Bury remarks, the Peloponnesians would have considered it the "Attic War".[3]. 8 . /Width 625 It was alleged that the Megarians had desecrated the Hiera Orgas. Sparta is not considered as home to any modern civilization. The Spartan fleet under Callicratidas lost 70 ships and the Athenians lost 25 ships. Athens vs Sparta Athens vs Sparta. In 403 BC, the oligarchs were overthrown and a democracy was restored by Thrasybulus. << Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the Eurotas River, the largest river of Laconia, which provided it with a source of fresh water.The valley of the Eurotas is a natural fortress, bounded to the west by Mt. In order to uphold the Thirty Years' Peace, however, the Athenians were instructed not to intervene in the battle unless it was clear that Corinth was going to press onward to invade Corcyra. Thasos was an island in northern Aegean and a member of the Delian League which had disagreements with Athens about control of precious metal mines and trade on the mainland. These two city-states had few similarities but were contrasted in many, many ways. In 415 BC, Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse, Sicily; the attack failed disastrously, with the destruction of the entire force in 413 BC. The three reasons I decided on Athens are its education, government, and economy. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB << Is this statement about Sparta, Athens or both of them: Worship the Greek god and goddesses. The Spartan strategy during the first war, known as the Archidamian War (431–421 BC) after Sparta's king Archidamus II, was to invade the land surrounding Athens. But Xerxes still reigns supreme in numbers over sea and land. For the earlier war beginning in 460 BC, see, For the book by the Greek historian Thucydides, see, Achaemenid support for Sparta (414–404 BC). The Original Thucydides Trap: Sparta vs. Athens. However, the Spartans announced their refusal to destroy a city that had done a good service at a time of greatest danger to Greece, and took Athens into their own system. The Athenians did not act solely from altruism: rallied on by Alcibiades, the leader of the expedition, they held visions of conquering all of Sicily. /Subtype /Image Weeks later, though, Demosthenes proved unable to finish off the Spartans. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)[2] was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. After defeating the Second Persian invasion of Greece in the year 480 BC, Athens led the coalition of Greek city-states that continued the Greco-Persian Wars with attacks on Persian territories in the Aegean and Ionia. stream endobj The rebels quickly secured the support of a Persian satrap, and Athens found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the empire. After boasting that he could put an end to the affair in the Assembly, the inexperienced Cleon won a great victory at the Battle of Sphacteria. /CreationDate (D:20201003084407+03'00') Athens Vs.Sparta Tyler King Greece, a country united by its name, but divided by its opinions, was separated into many city-states. Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire. Sparta and Athens Sparta The distinctiveness of Sparta. In Athens people worship their minds. [28][29][30], Cyrus the Younger would later obtain the support of the Spartans in return, after having asked them "to show themselves as good friend to him, as he had been to them during their war against Athens", when he led his own expedition to Susa in 401 BC in order to topple his brother, Artaxerxes II.[31]. With the treasury and emergency reserve fund of 1,000 talents dwindling away, the Athenians were forced to demand even more tribute from her subject allies, further increasing tensions and the threat of further rebellion within the Empire. The Athenian strategy was initially guided by the strategos, or general, Pericles, who advised the Athenians to avoid open battle with the far more numerous and better trained Spartan hoplites, relying instead on the fleet. Sparta . Only twelve Athenian ships escaped, and several of these sailed to Cyprus, carrying the strategos (general) Conon, who was anxious not to face the judgment of the Assembly. (Beckman, 2016, 116). Ed. SURVEY . [27] There, Cyrus allied with the Spartan general Lysander. The Persians were slow to furnish promised funds and ships, frustrating battle plans. That's why I want to tell you about their differences. answer choices . On the level of international relations, Athens, the strongest city-state in Greece prior to the war's beginning, was reduced to a state of near-complete subjection, while Sparta became established as the leading power of Greece. The longest Spartan invasion, in 430 BC, lasted just forty days. The Athenian army, attempting to withdraw overland to other, more friendly Sicilian cities, was divided and defeated; the entire Athenian fleet was destroyed, and virtually the entire Athenian army was sold off into slavery. Both Brasidas and Cleon were killed in Athenian efforts to retake Amphipolis (see Battle of Amphipolis). The Spartans also occupied Attica for periods of only three weeks at a time; in the tradition of earlier hoplite warfare the soldiers were expected to go home to participate in the harvest. [35], The overall effect of the war in Greece proper was to replace the Athenian Empire with a Spartan empire. Corinth and Syracuse were slow to bring their fleets into the Aegean, and Sparta's other allies were also slow to furnish troops or ships. After arriving in Sicily, Alcibiades was recalled to Athens for trial. Nicias then sent word to Athens asking for reinforcements. However, the city of Athens was by far a much more influential and powerful city-state in comparison to Sparta. The Syracusan cavalry rode them down mercilessly, eventually killing or enslaving all who were left of the mighty Athenian fleet. The Athenian Empire, although based in the peninsula of Attica, spread out across the islands of the Aegean Sea; Athens drew its immense wealth from tribute paid from these islands. The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. 2 are questions on Athens and the other 2 are for Sparta. Barry Strauss: Athens after the Peloponnesian War. The first section of “Athens-Sparta” begins with objects from both cities during the Geometric Period (1050-700 B.C. Sign up for free. A peace with Sparta might have been possible, but the Athenian fleet, now based on the island of Samos, refused to accept the change. /SM 0.02 Sparta vs AthensBy: Bryce BoganBrains VS BrawnAthens They had a peaceful And well educated society.Sparta They were a strong government based on war and violence. Instead of attacking at once, Nicias procrastinated and the campaigning season of 415 BC ended with Syracuse scarcely damaged. This philosophy, which was present in Athens before the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, was now running rampant, and it helped provide justification for the Athenian expedition into Sicily, which played an important role in restarting the conflict between Athens and Sparta and also perhaps dooming Athens to defeat. He sent his son Cyrus the Younger into Asia Minor as satrap of Lydia, Phrygia Major and Cappadocia, and general commander (Karanos, κἀρανος) of the Persian troops. Thucydides reports that the Corinthians condemned Sparta's inactivity up to that point, warning the Spartans that if they continued to remain passive while the Athenians were energetically active, they would soon find themselves outflanked and without allies. A further source of provocation was an Athenian decree, issued in 433/2 BC, imposing stringent trade sanctions on Megarian citizens (once more a Spartan ally after the conclusion of the First Peloponnesian War). 3 0 obj Sparta was later humbled by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, but the rivalry between Athens and Sparta was brought to an end a few decades later when Philip II of Macedon conquered all of Greece except Sparta, which was later subjugated by Philip's son Alexander in 331 BC. The Athenians crushed the revolt, and peace was maintained. This was a direct violation of the Thirty Years' Peace, which had (among other things) stipulated that the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League would respect each other's autonomy and internal affairs. Several major aspects of society are described so that students can get a clear understanding of how the two ci The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. He would never again lead Athenians in battle. SHARE THE AWESOMENESS. The hostages gave the Athenians a bargaining chip. 4 0 obj Athens and Sparta are the most well- known city-states of Ancient Greece. Alarmed, Corcyra sought an alliance with Athens, which after debate and input from both Corcyra and Corinth, decided to swear a defensive alliance with Corcyra. After the death of Pericles, the Athenians turned somewhat against his conservative, defensive strategy and to the more aggressive strategy of bringing the war to Sparta and its allies. %PDF-1.4 The people of Syracuse were ethnically Dorian (as were the Spartans), while the Athenians, and their ally in Sicilia, were Ionian. /BitsPerComponent 8 Demosthenes argued for a retreat to Athens, but Nicias at first refused. The fear of plague was so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica was abandoned, their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy. Tags: Question 14 . The helots made the Spartan system possible, but now the post off Pylos began attracting helot runaways. [22] Undeterred, a majority of the Spartan assembly voted to declare that the Athenians had broken the peace, essentially declaring war.[23]. All of this was due, in no small part, to Alcibiades. /SMask /None>> Through cunning strategy, Lysander totally defeated the Athenian fleet, in 405 BC, at the Battle of Aegospotami, destroying 168 ships and capturing some three or four thousand Athenian sailors. Sparta and Athens represent opposite poles of the social and political development of the Greek city-state. /AIS false While the Spartans refrained from action themselves, some of their allies began to talk of revolt. Athens and Sparta have their own information sheet where you will find the answers and the other sheet is the questions. 1 0 obj The Lacedaemonians, with their neighbors the Tegeans, faced the combined armies of Argos, Athens, Mantinea, and Arcadia. Alcibiades was not re-elected general by the Athenians and he exiled himself from the city. The destruction of Athens's fleet in the Battle of Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year. [18] The Corinthians, outraged by these actions, encouraged Potidaea to revolt and assured them that they would ally with them should they revolt from Athens. [36], A symbolic peace treaty was signed by the mayors of Athens and Sparta 2,400 years after the war ended, on March 12, 1996. These two were so close to each other on the map, yet they were so far apart in the way they valued and approached life. Reason One For Choosing AthensOne reason why athens was better than Sparta was because it wasnt as brutal. For a time during this conflict, Athens controlled not only Megara but also Boeotia; at its end, however, in the face of a massive Spartan invasion of Attica, the Athenians ceded the lands they had won on the Greek mainland, and Athens and Sparta recognized each other's right to control their respective alliance systems. Athens. Athens Vs Sparta: who is Superior. Its empire began as a small group of city-states, called the Delian League – from the island of Delos, on which they kept their treasury – that came together to ensure that the Greco-Persian Wars were truly over. [14] The war was officially ended by the Thirty Years' Peace, signed in the winter of 446/5 BC. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved. From 414 BC, Darius II, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire had started to resent increasing Athenian power in the Aegean and had his satrap Tissaphernes enter into an alliance with Sparta against Athens, which in 412 BC led to the Persian reconquest of the greater part of Ionia. The Athenians however allowed Alcibiades to go on the expedition without being tried (many believed in order to better plot against him). Sparta and Athens - these two city-states have been credited for being the cradle of western civilization. Athens proceeded to bring under its control all of Greece except for Sparta and its allies, ushering in a period which is known to history as the Athenian Empire. We will pass around 4 sheets of paper. by A.H. Clough. Following the destruction of the Sicilian Expedition, Lacedaemon encouraged the revolt of Athens's tributary allies, and indeed, much of Ionia rose in revolt against Athens. Sparta was based on oligarchy and had two rulers. On the advice of Alcibiades, they fortified Decelea, near Athens, and prevented the Athenians from making use of their land year round. /Creator (�� w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire. Sparta is located in the region of Laconia, in the south-eastern Peloponnese. Athens Vs. Sparta By: Suhansh Bijlani Among ancient Greece cities, two significant cities were Athens and Sparta, Sparta had the brawls, and Athens had the brains. Then, they must read scenarios and decide what city-state they would want to join Athens is considered to be the home of western civilization. Both. Sparta killed babies who werent strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their country before family. Athens vs. Sparta The two rivalries of ancient Greece that made the most racket and created many of the traditions were Athens and Sparta. The Lacedaemonians were not content with simply sending aid to Sicily; they also resolved to take the war to the Athenians. Demosthenes, however, outmanoeuvred the Spartans in the Battle of Pylos in 425 BC and trapped a group of Spartan soldiers on Sphacteria as he waited for them to surrender. 30 seconds . I made with help from others (narrated by Steve, written by Anthony) about the battle of Mantinea. The democrats at Samos, loyal to the bitter last, held on slightly longer, and were allowed to flee with their lives. They had a few things in common, and throughout history, they were at war with each other for domination and supremacy. Upon arriving, he raised up a force from several Sicilian cities, and went to the relief of Syracuse. That treaty, however, was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese. _abc cc embed * Powtoon is not liable for any 3rd party content used. According to Thucydides, the Spartans acted in this way out of fear that the Athenians would switch sides and support the helots; the offended Athenians repudiated their alliance with Sparta. After his defection, Alcibiades claimed to the Spartans that the Athenians planned to use Sicily as a springboard for the conquest of all of Italy and Carthage, and to use the resources and soldiers from these new conquests to conquer the Peloponnese. Athens sent out a sizable contingent (4,000 hoplites), but upon its arrival, this force was dismissed by the Spartans, while those of all the other allies were permitted to remain. Nicias and Demosthenes marched their remaining forces inland in search of friendly allies. These very distinct provinces were that of Sparta and Athens.Sparta was focused on having a perfect military, whereas Athens made it a point to have a perfect government for their people. Danielle Palawasta Athens vs. Sparta Persuasive Research Paper Henry/Lih- LA/SS- Per. 6 0 obj The differences between Athens and Sparta are easily accounted for. (�f�y�$ ����؍v��3����S}B�2E�����َ_>������.S, �'��5ܠo���������}��ز�y���������� ����Ǻ�G���l�a���|��-�/ ����B����QR3��)���H&�ƃ�s��.��_�l�&bS�#/�/^��� �|a����ܚ�����TR��,54�Oj��аS��N- �\�\����GRX�����G�����‡�r]=��i$ 溻w����ZM[�X�H�J_i��!TaOi�0��W��06E��rc 7|U%���b~8zJ��7�T ���v�������K������OŻ|I�NO:�"���gI]��̇�*^��� @�-�5m>l~=U4!�fO�ﵽ�w賔��ٛ�/�?�L���'W��ӣ�_��Ln�eU�HER `�����p�WL�=�k}m���������=���w�s����]�֨�]. A movie for S.S. Alcibiades, while condemned as a traitor, still carried weight in Athens. With the death of Cleon and Brasidas, zealous war hawks for both nations, the Peace of Nicias was able to last for some six years. /Length 7 0 R In the battle, the allied coalition scored early successes, but failed to capitalize on them, which allowed the Spartan elite forces to defeat the forces opposite them. >> Sparta . The plague ravaged the densely packed city, and in the long run, was a significant cause of its final defeat. This ushered in the final phase of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean War, or the Ionian War. In the final stages of the preparations for departure, the hermai (religious statues) of Athens were mutilated by unknown persons, and Alcibiades was charged with religious crimes. �Z�+��rI��4���n�������=�S�j�Zg�@R ��QΆL��ۦ�������S�����K���3qK����C�3��g/���'���k��>�I�E��+�{����)��Fs���/Ė- �=��I���7I �{g�خ��(�9`�������S���I��#�ǖGPRO��+���{��\_��wW��4W�Z�=���#ן�-���? Learn all about the similarities and differences of the Greek City-States, Athens and Sparta! [21] The Athenians, in response, reminded the Spartans of their record of military success and opposition to Persia, and warned them of the dangers of confronting such a powerful state, ultimately encouraging Sparta to seek arbitration as provided by the Thirty Years' Peace. Each city-state is different, but they have more in common than one may think. The delay allowed the Syracusans to send for help from Sparta, who sent their general Gylippus to Sicily with reinforcements. Athens vs Sparta Sierra Cook American Military University Background The purpose of this assignment is to engage in a battle of wits to prove whether Athens or Sparta is … Q. The Spartans and Athenians agreed to exchange the hostages for the towns captured by Brasidas, and signed a truce. Check Out This Informative Sparta Vs. Athens Comparison Chart. The Battle of Mantinea was the largest land battle fought within Greece during the Peloponnesian War. In him, Cyrus found a man who was willing to help him become king, just as Lysander himself hoped to become absolute ruler of Greece by the aid of the Persian prince. To attack the Spartans still reigns supreme in numbers over sea and land ;! Expedition without being tried ( many believed in order to better plot against him ) would undoubtedly Athens. 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